Illinois Fighting Illini (@IlliniFootball)
Bret Bielema (5th year) (27-22)
Record: 0 - 0 | Prediction: 8.3 - 3.7 (#28) | SOS: (#59)
Power (#24) | Off (#26) | Def (#33) | Roster | Portals | Croots
Record: 0 - 0 | Prediction: 8.3 - 3.7 (#28) | SOS: (#59)
| Illinois's 2025 Schedule | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Matchup | Spread | Total | Result | O/U | Cover | |
| Fri 8/29 | Illinois vs Western Illinois | -36 | |||||
| Fri 9/5 | Illinois at Duke | -3 | |||||
| Fri 9/12 | Illinois vs Western Michigan | -33.5 | |||||
| Fri 9/19 | Illinois at Indiana | +2.5 | |||||
| Fri 9/26 | Illinois vs USC | -4.5 | |||||
| Fri 10/3 | Illinois at Purdue | -24.5 | |||||
| Fri 10/10 | Illinois vs Ohio State | +15.5 | |||||
| BYE WEEK | |||||||
| Fri 10/24 | Illinois at Washington | -1 | |||||
| Fri 10/31 | Illinois vs Rutgers | -8.5 | |||||
| BYE WEEK | |||||||
| Fri 11/14 | Illinois vs Maryland | -17.5 | |||||
| Fri 11/21 | Illinois at Wisconsin | -2.5 | |||||
| Fri 11/28 | Illinois vs Northwestern | -17 | |||||
Record Prediction: 8.3 - 3.7 #28
Schedule Rating: #59
Future 2026 Schedule
| Illinois's 2024 Schedule | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Matchup | Spread | Total | Result | O/U | Cover | |
| Thu 8/29 | Illinois vs Eastern Illinois | -28.5 | 50.5 | W 45 - 0 | U | Y | |
| Sat 9/7 | Illinois vs Kansas | +4.5 | 58.5 | W 23 - 17 | U | Y | |
| Sat 9/14 | Illinois vs Central Michigan | -21.5 | 49.5 | W 30 - 9 | U | N | |
| Fri 9/20 | Illinois at Nebraska | +9.5 | 41.5 | W 31 - 24 | O | Y | |
| Sat 9/28 | Illinois at Penn State | +19.5 | 48.0 | L 7 - 21 | U | Y | |
| BYE WEEK | |||||||
| Sat 10/12 | Illinois vs Purdue | -22.5 | 47.5 | W 50 - 49 | O | N | |
| Sat 10/19 | Illinois vs Michigan | +6.0 | 44.0 | W 21 - 7 | U | Y | |
| Sat 10/26 | Illinois at Oregon | +22.5 | 54.0 | L 9 - 38 | U | N | |
| Sat 11/2 | Illinois vs Minnesota | +2.5 | 47.0 | L 17 - 25 | U | N | |
| BYE WEEK | |||||||
| Sat 11/16 | Illinois vs Michigan State | -2.0 | 47.5 | W 38 - 16 | O | Y | |
| Sat 11/23 | Illinois at Rutgers | +2.0 | 48.0 | W 38 - 31 | O | Y | |
| Sat 11/30 | Illinois vs Northwestern | -8.5 | 42.5 | W 38 - 28 | O | Y | |
| Tue 12/31 | Illinois vs South Carolina | +9.5 | 50.0 | W 21 - 17 | U | Y | |
2024 Record: 10 - 3 (B1G: 6 - 3)
Spread Record 9 - 4 - 0 | O/U 5 - 8
2025 class: 203 points #45
2024 class: 199 points #49
2023 class: 203 points #42
2022 class: 193 points #46
2021 class: 159 points #73
Average Class Ranking: #51
Average Recruiting Points: 191
2024 class: 199 points #49
2023 class: 203 points #42
2022 class: 193 points #46
2021 class: 159 points #73
Average Class Ranking: #51
Average Recruiting Points: 191
Class Averages
Big Ten Class: 227 #34
Power 4 Class: 225 #34
FBS Class: 179 #69
Big Ten Class: 227 #34
Power 4 Class: 225 #34
FBS Class: 179 #69
2020 class: 153 points #87
2019 class: 184 points #53
2018 class: 186 points #54
2017 class: 185 points #46
2016 class: 154 points #73
Average Class Ranking: #63
Average Recruiting Points: 172
2019 class: 184 points #53
2018 class: 186 points #54
2017 class: 185 points #46
2016 class: 154 points #73
Average Class Ranking: #63
Average Recruiting Points: 172
Offensive Coordinator Barry Lunney Jr.
(Tr) - new transfer in 2025
| Player Name | COMP | ATT | PCT | YDS | TD | INT | YPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luke Altmyer | 211 | 347 | 61% | 2717 | 22 | 6 | 7.8 |
| Ethan Hampton (Tr) | 143 | 245 | 58% | 1608 | 12 | 6 | 6.6 |
| Player Name | CAR | YDS | TD | YPC | LONG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aidan Laughery | 97 | 589 | 4 | 6.1 | 64 |
| Kaden Feagin | 67 | 306 | 3 | 4.6 | 34 |
| Luke Altmyer | 99 | 217 | 4 | 2.2 | 37 |
| Ca'Lil Valentine | 53 | 212 | 1 | 4.0 | 22 |
| Player Name | REC | YDS | TD | YPC | LONG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hudson Clement (Tr) | 51 | 741 | 5 | 14.5 | 44 |
| Justin Bowick (Tr) | 20 | 383 | 3 | 19.2 | 57 |
| Hank Beatty | 20 | 294 | 1 | 14.7 | 59 |
| Collin Dixon | 18 | 264 | 0 | 14.7 | 41 |
Defensive Coordinator Aaron Henry
| Top Def | Tack | TFL | SACKS | PRESS | PD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew Bailey | 94 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Gabe Jacas | 71 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
| Dylan Rosiek | 61 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Miles Scott | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Sacks | Tack | TFL | SACKS | PRESS | PD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gabe Jacas | 71 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
| Alec Bryant | 22 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Malachi Hood | 14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Kenenna Odeluga | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pass D | Tack | TFL | SACKS | PRESS | PD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xavier Scott | 49 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| Matthew Bailey | 94 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Jaheim Clarke | 34 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Returning Production
Overall Returning Production: 76% #3
Offense Returning Production: 78% #4
Defense Returning Production: 75% #7
Overall Returning Production: 76% #3
Offense Returning Production: 78% #4
Defense Returning Production: 75% #7
Transfer Portal
2025 Portal Class #43
15 Commits, 86.5 Avg Rating
19% of 2025 Roster from Portal, 18% TY
2025 Portal Class #43
15 Commits, 86.5 Avg Rating
19% of 2025 Roster from Portal, 18% TY
Team Talent
2025 Talent Rating: 824.00 #41
Offense Talent #39 | Defense Talent #43
2024 #65 | 2023 #62 | 2022 #56 | 2021 #51
2025 Talent Rating: 824.00 #41
Offense Talent #39 | Defense Talent #43
2024 #65 | 2023 #62 | 2022 #56 | 2021 #51
2025 - 2022 Records
2025 Record: 0 - 0
2025 Conf Record: 0 - 0
Spread: 0 - 0 - 0 | Totals: 0 - 0
2024 Record: 10 - 3
2024 Conf Record: 6 - 3
Spread: 9 - 4 - 0 | Totals: 5 - 8
2023 Record: 5 - 7
2023 Conf Record: 3 - 6
Spread: 3 - 9 - 0 | Totals: 6 - 6
2022 Record: 8 - 5
2022 Conf Record: 5 - 4
Spread: 8 - 5 - 0 | Totals: 4 - 9
Four Year Record: 23 - 15
Four Year Record vs. Spread: 20 - 18 - 0
Four Year Conference Record: 14 - 13
2025 Record: 0 - 0
2025 Conf Record: 0 - 0
Spread: 0 - 0 - 0 | Totals: 0 - 0
2024 Record: 10 - 3
2024 Conf Record: 6 - 3
Spread: 9 - 4 - 0 | Totals: 5 - 8
2023 Record: 5 - 7
2023 Conf Record: 3 - 6
Spread: 3 - 9 - 0 | Totals: 6 - 6
2022 Record: 8 - 5
2022 Conf Record: 5 - 4
Spread: 8 - 5 - 0 | Totals: 4 - 9
Four Year Record: 23 - 15
Four Year Record vs. Spread: 20 - 18 - 0
Four Year Conference Record: 14 - 13
2021 - 2018 Records
2021 Record: 5 - 7
2021 Conf Record: 4 - 5
Spread: 7 - 4 - 1 | Totals: 3 - 9
2020 Record: 2 - 6
2020 Conf Record: 2 - 6
Spread: 2 - 5 - 1 | Totals: 4 - 4
2019 Record: 6 - 7
2019 Conf Record: 4 - 5
Spread: 8 - 5 - 0 | Totals: 6 - 7
2018 Record: 4 - 8
2018 Conf Record: 2 - 7
Spread: 4 - 7 - 0 | Totals: 7 - 5
Eight Year Record: 40 - 43
Eight Year Record vs. Spread: 41 - 39 - 2
Eight Year Conference Record: 31 - 36
2021 Record: 5 - 7
2021 Conf Record: 4 - 5
Spread: 7 - 4 - 1 | Totals: 3 - 9
2020 Record: 2 - 6
2020 Conf Record: 2 - 6
Spread: 2 - 5 - 1 | Totals: 4 - 4
2019 Record: 6 - 7
2019 Conf Record: 4 - 5
Spread: 8 - 5 - 0 | Totals: 6 - 7
2018 Record: 4 - 8
2018 Conf Record: 2 - 7
Spread: 4 - 7 - 0 | Totals: 7 - 5
Eight Year Record: 40 - 43
Eight Year Record vs. Spread: 41 - 39 - 2
Eight Year Conference Record: 31 - 36
| Illinois Recent Bowl History | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Bowl | Matchup | Spread | Total | Result |
| 2024 | Citrus Bowl | Illinois vs South Carolina | +9.5 | 50.0 | W 21 - 17 |
| 2022 | Reliaquest Bowl | Illinois vs Mississippi State | +3.5 | 46.5 | L 10 - 19 |
| 2019 | Redbox Bowl | Illinois vs California | +6.0 | 47.5 | L 20 - 35 |
Power Ranking Stats (2024)
More Stats (2024)
Overall Stats (2024)
Run Game Stats (2024)
Pass Game Stats (2024)
| Teams | Offense PPA | Offense Success | Offense Pts Per Opp | Avg Start FP | 3rd Down % | 4th Down % | Defense PPA | Defense Success | Defense Pts Per Opp | Opponent FP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | .25 (31) | 45% (45) | 4.23 (39) | 30.2 (46) | 44% | 50% | .18 (76) | 46% (115) | 3.48 (37) | 27.5 (31) |
| Teams | Offense PPA | Offense Success | Offense Pts Per Opp | Avg Start FP | 3rd Down % | 4th Down % | Defense PPA | Defense Success | Defense Pts Per Opp | Opponent FP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | .2 (66) | 45% (30) | 3.9 (71) | 26 (129) | 37% | 54% | .2 (85) | 44% (102) | 4.09 (96) | 32.4 (121) |
More Stats (2024)
| Teams | Games | Possession Time | 1st Downs PG | 3rd Down % | 4th Down % | Penalties PG | Penalty Yds PG | Off TO PG | Def TO PG | TFL PG | Sacks PG | D/ST TDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 13 | 26:52 (99) | 18.7 (84) | 44% | 50% | 5.1 (42) | 39 (17) | 0.9 (25) | 1.5 | 3.8 (121) | 2.2 (42) | 1 |
| Teams | Games | Possession Time | 1st Downs PG | 3rd Down % | 4th Down % | Penalties PG | Penalty Yds PG | Off TO PG | Def TO PG | TFL PG | Sacks PG | D/ST TDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 12 | 28:24 (119) | 20.3 (77) | 37% | 54% | 6.6 (82) | 62.4 (101) | 1.9 (119) | 1.3 | 4.8 (105) | 1.9 (79) | 2 |
Overall Stats (2024)
| Teams | Games | PPG | Home | Road | Success Rate | Pts PerOpp | TO | 1stD PG | TotalYds PG | RushYds PG | PassYdsPG | RYPA | Run Rate | Pass Rate | Run Success | Pass Success | Havoc Rate | Total PPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Offense | 13 | 28.3 | 32 | 21.3 | 44.6% (45) | 4.23 (39) | 0.9 | 19 | 338 | 140 | 198 | 4.4 | 53% (50) | 47% (83) | 45% (51) | 44% (44) | 18% (103) | .25 (31) |
| 2024 Defense | 13 | 21.7 | 17.6 | 28.5 | 46.3% (115) | 3.48 (37) | 1.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 48% (37) | 52% (95) | 50% (127) | 43% (90) | 13% (117) | .18 (76) |
| Teams | Games | PPG | Home | Road | Success Rate | Pts PerOpp | TO | 1stD PG | TotalYds PG | RushYds PG | PassYdsPG | RYPA | Run Rate | Pass Rate | Run Success | Pass Success | Havoc Rate | Total PPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 Offense | 12 | 24.5 | 26.4 | 21.8 | 45.5% (30) | 3.9 (71) | 1.9 | 20 | 391 | 125 | 266 | 3.8 | 45% (103) | 53% (35) | 44% (56) | 48% (14) | 20% (124) | .2 (66) |
| 2023 Defense | 12 | 29.4 | 30 | 28.6 | 44.4% (102) | 4.09 (96) | 1.3 | - | - | - | - | - | 51% (75) | 49% (69) | 45% (87) | 45% (110) | 15% (87) | .2 (85) |
Run Game Stats (2024)
| Teams | Games | Run Play Rate | Run Play Success | Rush Att PG | Rush Yds PG | Rush Yds Per Att | Rushing TDs | Run Pred Pts Added | OL Yds Per Att | 3rd/4th & Short | Front 7 Havoc | Run Play Explosivness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Offense | 13 | 53% (50) | 45% (51) | 31.8 | 140 | 4.4 | 20 (67) | .13 (67) | 3.14 (49) | 81% (17) | 11% (107) | 0.91 (95) |
| 2024 Defense | 13 | 48% (37) | 50% (127) | - | - | - | - | .19 (108) | 3.57 (132) | 75% (75) | 8% (120) | 0.8 (5) |
| Teams | Games | Run Play Rate | Run Play Success | Rush Att PG | Rush Yds PG | Rush Yds Per Att | Rushing TDs | Run Pred Pts Added | OL Yds Per Att | 3rd/4th & Short | Front 7 Havoc | Run Play Explosivness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 Offense | 12 | 45% (103) | 44% (56) | 33 | 125.1 | 3.8 | 12 (116) | .07 (108) | 3.31 (32) | 67% (109) | 12% (98) | 0.84 (125) |
| 2023 Defense | 12 | 51% (75) | 45% (87) | - | - | - | - | .15 (78) | 3.27 (104) | 73% (68) | 9% (100) | 0.89 (22) |
Pass Game Stats (2024)
| Teams | Games | PassPlay Rate | PassPlay Success | Comp PG | Att PG | Yds PG | Yds PA | Yds PC | TDs | Ints | PassPlays PPA | PassPlays Expl | PassDowns Rate | PassDowns Succ Rate | PassDowns PPA | DB Havoc | PassDowns Expl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Offense | 13 | 47% (83) | 44% (44) | 15.4 | 25.5 | 197.8 | 7.8 | 12.9 | 21 (51) | 5 (6) | .38 (16) | 1.8 (15) | 31% (62) | 31% (81) | .42 (31) | 6% (82) | 2.3 (5) |
| 2024 Defense | 13 | 52% (95) | 43% (90) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 (39) | .19 (44) | 1.4 (17) | 28% (117) | 34% (111) | .37 (97) | 6% (84) | 1.9 (40) |
| Teams | Games | PassPlay Rate | PassPlay Success | Comp PG | Att PG | Yds PG | Yds PA | Yds PC | TDs | Ints | PassPlays PPA | PassPlays Expl | PassDowns Rate | PassDowns Succ Rate | PassDowns PPA | DB Havoc | PassDowns Expl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 Offense | 12 | 53% (35) | 48% (14) | 21.8 | 34.5 | 265.9 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 23 (51) | 13 (97) | .37 (35) | 1.5 (108) | 28% (14) | 33% (48) | .36 (63) | 9% (130) | 1.9 (108) |
| 2023 Defense | 12 | 49% (69) | 45% (110) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 (111) | .28 (76) | 1.5 (21) | 31% (78) | 34% (114) | .3 (63) | 6% (62) | 1.8 (7) |
Team Notes (4/15) RBs Laughery/Feegan good, McCray portaled ❌
(4/5) QB Altmyer 3rd yr w/ OC Lunney. Big year? ❌
(4/4) Def good LY, returns a lot. 5 portal DL added ❌
(3/20) TE Rusk hurt LY, could be big target TY ❌
(3/18) WRs lost top 2, need portals to step up ❌
(3/18) OL has 4/5 back, must improve in '25 ❌
(4/5) QB Altmyer 3rd yr w/ OC Lunney. Big year? ❌
(4/4) Def good LY, returns a lot. 5 portal DL added ❌
(3/20) TE Rusk hurt LY, could be big target TY ❌
(3/18) WRs lost top 2, need portals to step up ❌
(3/18) OL has 4/5 back, must improve in '25 ❌
Injury Notes
Staff/Schedule Notes (4/5) OC Lunney underrated, good play caller ❌
(4/4) Beilema good HC, returns a ton. Big year? ❌
(4/4) Beilema good HC, returns a ton. Big year? ❌
Power Ratings Overall: 13.63 #23
Offense: 24.24 #14
Defense: 10.61 #42
SP+ Overall: 11.2 #25
SP+ Offense: 30.5 #37
SP+ Defense: 19.3 #23
Offense: 24.24 #14
Defense: 10.61 #42
SP+ Overall: 11.2 #25
SP+ Offense: 30.5 #37
SP+ Defense: 19.3 #23
Returning Prod HC Bielema, OC Lunney Jr. & QB all back
'24 QB Luke Altmyer returns
Returning Production: 76% #3
Offense: 78% #4 | Defense: 75% #7
OL Prod: 90% #4, 4 clear starters
OL Snaps: 3718 #32 | From Portal: 0 #98
Rush Prod: 73% #36 | Rec Prod: 59% #47
Def Front Seven: 43% - Secondary: 96%
'24 QB Luke Altmyer returns
Returning Production: 76% #3
Offense: 78% #4 | Defense: 75% #7
OL Prod: 90% #4, 4 clear starters
OL Snaps: 3718 #32 | From Portal: 0 #98
Rush Prod: 73% #36 | Rec Prod: 59% #47
Def Front Seven: 43% - Secondary: 96%
Roster Team Talent #41 Blue Chips: 9% #40
Offense Talent #39 Defense Talent #43
Crootin Class #45 - 4 YR Rank #51
Portal Class #43 - 15 players, 86 Avg
19% of Roster from Portal, 18% TY
37 New Players, 39% of '25 Roster #66
Offense Talent #39 Defense Talent #43
Crootin Class #45 - 4 YR Rank #51
Portal Class #43 - 15 players, 86 Avg
19% of Roster from Portal, 18% TY
37 New Players, 39% of '25 Roster #66
2025 Schedule Record Prediction: 8.3 - 3.7 #28
Vegas Win Total Record: 7.5 - 4.5
Schedule Rating: 37 #59
View Schedule & Predicted Results
Opps: Elite: 1, Good: 5, Avg: 1, Bad: 2, Poor: 3
Vegas Win Total Record: 7.5 - 4.5
Schedule Rating: 37 #59
View Schedule & Predicted Results
Opps: Elite: 1, Good: 5, Avg: 1, Bad: 2, Poor: 3
Scoring Scoring: 28.3 - 21.7 (25 - 29) in '24
Scoring at Home: 32 - 18 | Road: 21 - 29
OC: Barry Lunney Jr. - been OC for 3 years
DC: Aaron Henry - been DC for 3 years
Scoring at Home: 32 - 18 | Road: 21 - 29
OC: Barry Lunney Jr. - been OC for 3 years
DC: Aaron Henry - been DC for 3 years
Records 2024 Record: 10 - 3 (9 - 4 - 0) (B1G: 6 - 3)
2023 Record: 5 - 7 (3 - 9 - 0) (B1G: 3 - 6)
2022 Record: 8 - 5 (8 - 5 - 0) (B1G: 5 - 4)
4 Yr Record: (23 - 15) | 8 Yr Record: (40 - 43)
2023 Record: 5 - 7 (3 - 9 - 0) (B1G: 3 - 6)
2022 Record: 8 - 5 (8 - 5 - 0) (B1G: 5 - 4)
4 Yr Record: (23 - 15) | 8 Yr Record: (40 - 43)
'24 OffenseBalanced offense, Pass: 47%, Run: 53%
Avg Offense Success Rate of 45%
Good Offensive Explosiveness
Good in Scoring Position 4.23 PPO
Avg Run Success 45%
Good Pass Success 44%
Good Offensive Turnovers
Bad OL Grades, Avg OL Yds Per Rush
Avg 1st/2nd Down Success 69%
Bad when off Schedule 31%
Avg Offense Success Rate of 45%
Good Offensive Explosiveness
Good in Scoring Position 4.23 PPO
Avg Run Success 45%
Good Pass Success 44%
Good Offensive Turnovers
Bad OL Grades, Avg OL Yds Per Rush
Avg 1st/2nd Down Success 69%
Bad when off Schedule 31%
'24 DefenseAvg DL Grades, Awful Sacks/Turnovers
Awful Defense Success Rate of 46%
Good in Scoring Position 3.48 PPO
Awful Run Def Success 50%
Poor Pass Def Success 43%
Awful Pressure/Havoc/Forcing TOs
Avg at Forcing Turnovers
Good Penalty Team, Bad Field Position
Awful 1st/2nd Down Success 72%
Awful when Opp is off Schedule 34%
Awful Defense Success Rate of 46%
Good in Scoring Position 3.48 PPO
Awful Run Def Success 50%
Poor Pass Def Success 43%
Awful Pressure/Havoc/Forcing TOs
Avg at Forcing Turnovers
Good Penalty Team, Bad Field Position
Awful 1st/2nd Down Success 72%
Awful when Opp is off Schedule 34%
Team NotesRBs Laughery/Feegan good, McCray portaled
OC Lunney underrated, good play caller
QB Altmyer 3rd yr w/ OC Lunney. Big year?
Beilema good HC, returns a ton. Big year?
Def good LY, returns a lot. 5 portal DL added
TE Rusk hurt LY, could be big target TY
WRs lost top 2, need portals to step up
OL has 4/5 back, must improve in '25
OC Lunney underrated, good play caller
QB Altmyer 3rd yr w/ OC Lunney. Big year?
Beilema good HC, returns a ton. Big year?
Def good LY, returns a lot. 5 portal DL added
TE Rusk hurt LY, could be big target TY
WRs lost top 2, need portals to step up
OL has 4/5 back, must improve in '25