Charlotte's 2025 Team Roster/Depth Chart Outlook
Official Roster not available yetDef Snap % are best estimates. DE/LB are mixed depending on the team.
Quarterbacks
| Player | H/W | Passing | Rushing | Pass | Run | PPA | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #12 Grayson Loftis SO | 6'3"/215 | 128/232 (55%), 1415 Yds, 8 TD / 8 INT | 47 Car, -86 Yds, (-1.8 YPC), 0 TD, 2 FUM | C | D | #345 | 417 (63%) | DUKE ('25) | |
| #15 Conner Harrell JR | 6'2"/210 | 64/96 (67%), 737 Yds, 4 TD / 2 INT | 28 Car, 67 Yds, (2.4 YPC), 2 TD, 1 FUM | B- | C- | #114 | 216 (33%) | UNC ('25) | |
| #1 Zach Wilcke JR | 6'3"/205 | 33/51 (65%), 296 Yds, 2 TD / 3 INT | 19 Car, 52 Yds, (2.7 YPC), 1 TD, 0 FUM | #242 | 3* HS ('22) |
Running Backs
| Player | H/W | Rushing | Receiving | Run | Rec | PPA | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #25 Cameren Smith SR | 6'0"/225 | 62 Car, 220 Yds, (3.5 YPC), 0 TD, 2 FUM | 11 Rec, 57 Yds, (5.2 YPR), 0 TD | C+ | C | #457 | 203 (34%) | WIU ('25) | |
| #24 Jariel Cobb FR | 5'10"/185 | 51 Car, 190 Yds, (3.7 YPC), 0 TD, 1 FUM | 8 Rec, 49 Yds, (6.1 YPR), 0 TD | C | C+ | #597 | 166 (28%) | UNC ('25) | |
| #23 CJ Stokes JR | 5'10"/200 | 48 Car, 149 Yds, (3.1 YPC), 1 TD, 3 FUM | 5 Rec, 37 Yds, (7.4 YPR), 0 TD | D+ | D- | #617 | 125 (21%) | MICH ('24) | |
| #41 Jake Davids FR | 5'9"/180 | 14 Car, 47 Yds, (3.4 YPC), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Rec, 0 Yds, (0 YPR), 0 TD | C | C | 18 (3%) | NA | ||
| #21 Henry Rutledge SR | 5'8"/185 | 2 Car, 11 Yds, (5.5 YPC), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Rec, 0 Yds, (0 YPR), 0 TD | B- | C | #426 | 5 (1%) | NA | |
| #6 Rod Gainey Jr. FR | 6'0"/185 | 74 Car, 260 Yds, (3.5 YPC), 1 TD, 2 FUM | 16 Rec, 44 Yds, (2.8 YPR), 0 TD | #381 | 3* HS ('24) | ||||
| #21 Donald Chaney Jr. SR | 5'11"/220 | LOU ('25) |
Wide Receivers
| Player | H/W | Receiving | Rushing | Rec | Block | PPA | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #7 E. Jai Mason SR | 6'1"/205 | 31 Rec, 423 Yds, (13.6 YPR), 4 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | C+ | D+ | #326 | 503 (39%) | SAM ('25) | |
| #8 Sean Brown SR | 6'4"/200 | 36 Rec, 508 Yds, (14.1 YPR), 1 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | B | C+ | #150 | 387 (30%) | NA | |
| #89 Derrick Eley FR | 6'0"/170 | 5 Rec, 97 Yds, (19.4 YPR), 1 TD, 0 FUM | 2 Car, 16 Yds, 0 TD | B- | C+ | #465 | 89 (7%) | NA | |
| #4 Justin Olson SR | 6'3"/210 | 2 Rec, 56 Yds, (28 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | C | D | #625 | 57 (4%) | MTSU ('24) | |
| #10 Ta'ir Brooks SR | 6'3"/210 | 1 Rec, 9 Yds, (9 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | D+ | A- | #1005 | 54 (4%) | UTEP ('25) | |
| #2 Jaylen Hampton FR | 6'2"/200 | 3 Rec, 27 Yds, (9 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | C- | B | 53 (4%) | WKU ('25) | ||
| #14 Adam Hopkins IV SO | 6'0"/180 | 1 Rec, 23 Yds, (23 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | C+ | B | #679 | 36 (3%) | COLO ('24) | |
| #3 Jayden McGowan SR | 5'7"/180 | 1 Rec, 7 Yds, (7 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | C | A+ | #785 | 26 (2%) | BC ('25) | |
| #11 KD Hunter-Gibson JR | 6'0"/190 | 2 Rec, 30 Yds, (15 YPR), 1 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | B | C- | #661 | 21 (2%) | NA | |
| #80 Jeremiah Hoffman FR | 6'1"/175 | 0 Rec, 0 Yds, (0 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | B- | 1 (0%) | 3* HS ('25) | |||
| #9 Javen Nicholas JR | 5'9"/190 | 60 Rec, 740 Yds, (12.3 YPR), 5 TD, 1 FUM | 7 Car, 36 Yds, 0 TD | #292 | LSU ('25) | ||||
| #88 Miles Burris SO | 6'2"/200 | 14 Rec, 134 Yds, (9.6 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | 0 Car, 0 Yds, 0 TD | #717 | 3* HS ('24) | ||||
| #37 Ike White JR | 6'0"/180 | MINN ('23) | |||||||
| #82 Evan Austin FR | 6'1"/175 | 3* HS ('24) | |||||||
| #00 Nate Spillman | 0'0"/ | TENN ('25) |
Tight Ends
| Player | H/W | Receiving | Rec | Run Blk | Pass Blk | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #17 Gus McGee SR | 6'5"/250 | 14 Rec, 127 Yds, (9.1 YPR), 1 TD, 0 FUM | C- | C+ | C | 436 (52%) | SDSU ('23) | |
| #87 Jake Young JR | 6'3"/240 | 4 Rec, 30 Yds, (7.5 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | D | D+ | B | 234 (28%) | NA | |
| #00 Joey Bearns III SR | 6'1"/280 | 9 Rec, 44 Yds, (4.9 YPR), 1 TD, 0 FUM | B | B- | C | 122 (15%) | 3* HS ('21) | |
| #81 Brady Rhoads FR | 6'4"/230 | 0 Rec, 0 Yds, (0 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | D+ | C- | B- | 35 (4%) | NA | |
| #85 Jason Jeffares SO | 6'3"/230 | 0 Rec, 0 Yds, (0 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | A- | 4 (0%) | NA | |||
| #86 Connor Adair FR | 6'3"/240 | 2 Rec, 6 Yds, (3 YPR), 0 TD, 0 FUM | NA | |||||
| #80 Grant Laskey FR | 6'5"/240 | 3* HS ('24) |
Offensive Line
| Player | H/W | Grade | Run Blk | Pass Blk | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #57 Mason Bowers (T) SR | 6'4"/310 | D+ | D+ | C- | 470 (71%) | KENN ('25) | |
| #68 Jesse Ramil (T) SR | 6'4"/300 | C+ | B+ | B- | 426 (64%) | MSST ('25) | |
| #75 Kristos Fernandez (T) SR | 6'5"/300 | D+ | C | D+ | 337 (51%) | LIU ('25) | |
| #71 Eli Samples (T) JR | 6'5"/290 | C | A- | C- | 129 (19%) | 3* HS ('22) | |
| #55 Mo Clipper Jr. (G) JR | 6'5"/315 | D+ | C- | C- | 701 (106%) | TENN ('24) | |
| #58 Devin Davis (G) JR | 6'3"/310 | C- | B- | C- | 257 (39%) | NA | |
| #50 Rod Green (G) JR | 6'5"/315 | C | B | C | 199 (30%) | PUR ('25) | |
| #67 Dom Silvia (G) FR | 6'6"/320 | C | B | C- | 56 (8%) | 3* HS ('24) | |
| #56 Andrew Adair (G) SR | 6'4"/320 | C- | F | 3 (0%) | JMU ('23) | ||
| #70 Dallas Shirley (C) JR | 6'4"/290 | C- | B- | C- | 605 (91%) | NA | |
| #52 Jonny King (C) SR | 6'3"/295 | D+ | D+ | C- | 117 (18%) | 2* HS ('20) | |
| #74 Tyler Gibson (OL) JR | 6'5"/310 | GT ('24) | |||||
| #73 Umar Rockhead (OL) FR | 6'5"/285 | 3* HS ('24) | |||||
| #62 Drew Cunningham (OL) FR | 6'4"/290 | 3* HS ('24) | |||||
| #65 Boston Brinkley (OL) JR | 6'3"/315 | 3* HS ('22) | |||||
| #54 Isaac Sikes-Rasby (OL) FR | 6'5"/275 | NA | |||||
| #39 Colby Garfield (LS) SR | 6'2"/235 | OHIO ('25) |
Defensive Line
| Player | H/W | Stats | Pass D | Run D | Rush | Cov | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #44 Braden Mullen (DE) SR | 6'4"/245 | 19 Tac, 5 Solo, 3 TFL, 1 Sacks, 2 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C | C | C | 415 (42%) | DART ('25) | |
| #32 Curtis Simpson (DE) FR | 6'4"/230 | 31 Tac, 11 Solo, 5 TFL, 3 Sacks, 4 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C+ | C+ | 353 (36%) | UNC ('25) | |
| #24 Jaylon Johnson (DE) JR | 6'4"/250 | 20 Tac, 5 Solo, 2 TFL, 1 Sacks, 3 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | D+ | C- | F | 326 (33%) | NA | |
| #10 Jorel Liverpool (DE) SR | 6'6"/255 | 21 Tac, 7 Solo, 4 TFL, 1 Sacks, 2 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B- | D+ | C | 304 (31%) | WAG ('25) | |
| #7 DJ Burgess (DE) JR | 6'2"/270 | 2 Tac, 1 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B- | C | 54 (5%) | 3* HS ('22) | ||
| #14 Kendal Brown (DE) FR | 6'4"/235 | 2 Tac, 2 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C | C- | 12 (1%) | 3* HS ('24) | ||
| #51 Jamarrion Solomon (DT) JR | 6'0"/270 | 29 Tac, 12 Solo, 4 TFL, 0 Sacks, 2 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C | C- | C+ | 353 (46%) | FIU ('25) | |
| #18 Zion Shockley (DT) SR | 6'4"/285 | 12 Tac, 3 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | D+ | C | 311 (41%) | NA | |
| #55 Cheick Kaba (DT) SR | 6'2"/285 | 13 Tac, 5 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 2 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | F | C- | C | 252 (33%) | TROY ('25) | |
| #85 Caleb Irving (DT) FR | 6'1"/290 | 15 Tac, 3 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | D+ | C+ | 249 (33%) | PUR ('25) | |
| #97 Jalar Holley (DT) SR | 6'3"/315 | 13 Tac, 4 Solo, 1 TFL, 1 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C- | 241 (32%) | 3* HS ('19) | ||
| #00 Macyo Williams (DT) | 0'0"/ | C | C- | 92 (12%) | USU ('25) | ||||
| #99 Jaylen Doss (DT) FR | 6'2"/270 | 2 Tac, 0 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C- | 7 (1%) | NA | ||
| #20 Yamil Talib (DL) FR | 6'2"/240 | 28 Tac, 11 Solo, 4 TFL, 2 Sacks, 5 QB Hur | 1 PD, 1 INT (0 TDS) | NA | |||||
| #58 Xavier Miles (DL) SO | 6'3"/320 | 17 Tac, 7 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | SYR ('25) | |||||
| #15 Taz Williams (DL) SR | 6'1"/280 | 4 Tac, 2 Solo, 1 TFL, 1 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | USU ('25) | |||||
| #50 Ayo Tifase (DL) JR | 6'4"/285 | GT ('24) | |||||||
| #23 Darius Wallace (DL) FR | 6'3"/235 | 3* HS ('24) |
Linebackers
| Player | H/W | Stats | Pass D | Run D | Rush | Cov | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #35 Shay Taylor SR | 6'3"/235 | 62 Tac, 30 Solo, 6 TFL, 2 Sacks, 6 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B- | B- | D- | 589 (90%) | OHIO ('25) | |
| #19 Kadin Schmitz JR | 6'1"/235 | 65 Tac, 29 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 3 QB Hur | 2 PD, 2 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C | D+ | 511 (78%) | OHIO ('25) | |
| #40 Reid Williford SR | 6'2"/235 | 74 Tac, 46 Solo, 6 TFL, 4 Sacks, 2 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C+ | D+ | 503 (77%) | 3* HS ('22) | |
| #13 Gavin Willis JR | 6'0"/230 | 55 Tac, 29 Solo, 4 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 2 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B- | C | C+ | 342 (52%) | BUCK ('25) | |
| #30 Stellan Bowman SO | 6'0"/230 | 4 Tac, 4 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B | C | 13 (2%) | OHIO ('25) | ||
| #22 D. Williams II FR | 6'0"/180 | C | 3 (0%) | NA | |||||
| #36 Parker Startz FR | 6'3"/240 | 1 Tac, 1 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | OHIO ('25) | |||||
| #42 JJ Okate JR | 6'3"/215 | 1 Tac, 1 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | 3* HS ('24) | |||||
| #19 Donovan Spellman SR | 6'4"/230 | 12 Tac, 5 Solo, 2 TFL, 0 Sacks, 2 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | APP ('24) | |||||
| #26 Xavier Simmons JR | 6'2"/240 | MIZ ('24) |
Secondary
| Player | H/W | Stats | Pass D | Run D | Rush | Cov | Snaps | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #12 CJ Clinkscales Jr. (CB) JR | 5'8"/175 | 49 Tac, 40 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B+ | C+ | C- | 471 (67%) | BC ('24) | |
| #16 Thai Baldwin (CB) SR | 5'11"/180 | 20 Tac, 17 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 4 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C+ | B- | D | 387 (55%) | BALL ('25) | |
| #4 Gavin Shipman (CB) SR | 5'11"/180 | 10 Tac, 9 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 2 PD, 1 INT (0 TDS) | C+ | C | C- | 311 (44%) | HARV ('25) | |
| #8 Derrick Edwards (CB) SR | 5'11"/185 | 19 Tac, 10 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 2 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C | C | 231 (33%) | LOU ('24) | ||
| #00 Thailand Baldwin (CB) | 0'0"/ | BALL ('25) | |||||||
| #6 Ja'Qurious Conley (S) SR | 6'1"/215 | 64 Tac, 40 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 2 PD, 3 INT (0 TDS) | C | C- | A- | 459 (42%) | 4* HS ('20) | |
| #43 Randy Franklin (S) SR | 6'0"/200 | 58 Tac, 36 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 2 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B+ | C- | D | 432 (40%) | NA | |
| #2 Treyveon McGee (S) SR | 6'3"/200 | 24 Tac, 14 Solo, 3 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | D+ | C | C- | 392 (36%) | ISU ('24) | |
| #1 Caleb Curtain (S) SR | 6'1"/195 | 36 Tac, 12 Solo, 2 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | D | B+ | D+ | 388 (36%) | ELON ('25) | |
| #3 Collin Gill (S) SO | 6'0"/210 | 35 Tac, 15 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 1 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C | B- | 365 (34%) | UGA ('25) | |
| #25 Dy'Lon Womack (S) FR | 6'0"/180 | 10 Tac, 7 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | B | D | 104 (10%) | NA | ||
| #28 Cornell Allen (S) FR | 5'10"/190 | 3 Tac, 2 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | C- | C | 18 (2%) | 3* HS ('24) | ||
| #21 Breon Noel (S) SR | 5'10"/200 | 3 Tac, 3 Solo, 0 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | D- | C | 15 (1%) | NA | ||
| #17 Kameron Manley (S) FR | 5'9"/170 | C | 1 (0%) | NA | |||||
| #9 Cary Grant (DB) JR | 6'2"/180 | 45 Tac, 23 Solo, 3 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 0 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | 3* HS ('24) | |||||
| #11 Dwight Bootle II (DB) JR | 5'10"/180 | 38 Tac, 21 Solo, 1 TFL, 0 Sacks, 0 QB Hur | 1 PD, 0 INT (0 TDS) | NEB ('25) | |||||
| #5 Antonio Cotman Jr. (DB) SO | 6'2"/200 | VT ('24) | |||||||
| #26 Devon St. Clair (DB) FR | 6'2"/190 | 3* HS ('25) |
Kickers
| Player | H/W | FG | XP | Pts | FG G | KO G | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #37 Liam Boyd JR | 6'1"/200 | 9/12 (75%), Long 42 Yds | 15/15 | 42 Pts | UNC ('25) |
Punters
| Player | H/W | Punts | Acc | Grade | Rank | Rating | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #95 Bronson Long JR | 6'4"/200 | 70, 2988 YDS (42.7 YPP), Long 59 YDS | 16 In 20, 4 TB | C | A+ | NA |
Roster & Program Overview
HC Tim Albin new hireOC Todd Fitch new hireDC Nate Faanes new hire
Players with Starting experience3917 off • 22 def
Team Talent608#97 in CFB
Avg Talent / Player0.83Blue-chip 1.25%
Roster Size9752 portal (41.3%)
Talent Off: 250.78 (49)
Talent Def: 253.86 (46)
Talent ST: 2.96 (2)
New Portal In: 37 (29.4%)
Portal Losses: 48
Unrated/No Stats: 29
Total Team Snaps: 17721
Elite: 0
Top 100: 0
Top 250: 1
Top 100 Pos: 10
JAG: 59
Low JAG: 2
JAG-: 3
FR Snaps: 1618 (9%)
SO Snaps: 1029 (6%)
JR Snaps: 5271 (30%)
SR Snaps: 9803 (55%)
GR Snaps: 0 (0%)
85% Snaps by Upperclassmen
29 players on roster have not played, have no stats and no recruiting/portal ratings.
Class Breakdown
| Category | GR | SR | JR | SO | FR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starters Returning | 0 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Portal Starters 2025 portal | 0 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Experienced Depth | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Off Starters Returning | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Off Depth Returning | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Def Starters Returning | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Def Depth Returning | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Positions Summary
Unit
Returning
(starters/exp'd depth)
(starters/exp'd depth)
Portal Adds
(starters/exp'd depth)
(starters/exp'd depth)
Snaps
(total/portal)
(total/portal)
Outlook
Experience - Production - Notes
Experience - Production - Notes
QBQB
0 (0)
1 (1)
633(633)
Exp 96% • Prod 100% — Charlotte lost their starting QB from last year. Grayson Loftis & Conner Harrell from the portal could compete for the job.
RBHB
0 (1)
1 (1)
517(0)
Exp 87% • Prod 99% — Charlotte lost their top 2 Rushers from last year.
WR/TEWR + TE
2 (2)
1 (0)
2058(0)
Exp 48% • Prod 100% — Charlotte lost their lead WR, but returns their #2 Sean Brown, from last year.
OLT + G + C
2 (1)
3 (1)
3300(0)
T 103% • G 92% • C 109% — Charlotte OL: 2 starters back, 1 with multi game experience, 2 more with some game experience. Portal OL: 2 potential starters from '25 Portal, 2 more portals have experience.
DLDE + DT
3 (0)
6 (0)
2969(0)
DE 74% • DT 99% — DL experience and continuity summary.
LBLB
1 (0)
3 (0)
1961(0)
LB 100% — LB experience and continuity summary.
SecondaryCB + S
3 (2)
2 (2)
3574(0)
CB 100% • S 101% — Secondary experience and continuity summary.
Team Snaps: Offense 6508 (633 portal) 90% returning, (10% via Portal) • Defense 8504 (0 portal) 100% returning, (0% via Portal)
Note: The units rarely add up to a full team of starters/depth in preseason, as inexperienced depth/portals will need to emerge
Note: The units rarely add up to a full team of starters/depth in preseason, as inexperienced depth/portals will need to emerge